Formative Evaluation [page 16]

151. Which of the following statemetns concerning Crohn's disease are true?   A. It typically produces transmural lesions B. It can be associated with aphthous stomatitis in children C. It is associated with an increased incidence of colonic cancer D. It rarely spares the rectum E. A, B and C are correct

152. Which of the following statements about cholesterol gallstones are true?   A. They are associated with a reduction in the size of the bile acid pool B. They are caused by the trapping of lithogenic bile within the "micellar zone" C. They occur more frequently in women than in men D. They are radiopaque E. A and C are correct

153. Findings associated with Hirschsprung's disease can include   A. Relaxation of the internal sphincter B. Colonic dilatation C. Presence of ganglion cells in a rectal biopsy sample D. An area of rectal narrowing E. B and D are correct

154. The most common cause of neurogenic bladder in children is   A. Myelomeningocele B. Operative trauma C. Traumatic paraplegia D. Viral encephalitis E. Tuberculous meningitis

155. During the last 30 years, the two-year disease-free survival rate of children who have Wilms't tumor has improved from 20 percent to 80 percent. Which of the following therapeutic factors have contributed most to this advancement?   A. Improved surgical technique B. Use of a megavoltage apparatus during radiation therapy C. Use of actinomycin D. Use of vincristine E. Use of actinomycin D and vincristine in combination

156. Neuroblastoma can be associated with all of the following statements EXCEPT   A. Tumor-specific antibens are present on neuroblastoma cells B. Two-thirds of patients, when first seen, have metastases C. Three-fourths of all tumors secrete catecholamines D. Prognosis strongly depends on disease stage and therapy E. There is a high rate of spontaneous regression

157. The splenectomy of a two-year-old child has been recommended. Which of the following statements regarding the child's chance of developint an overwhelming infection after surgery are true?   A. Institution of high-dose penicillin therapy for febrile illnesses can reduce the chance B. The salvaging of at least part of the spleen, if possible, can reduce the chance C. Immnization with penumoncoccal polysaccharide (PPS) vaccine can reduce the chance D. The chance is higher in this child than in a splenectomized four-year-old child E. All are correct

158. A 12-year-old girl has a mass in her neck. Physical examination shows a thyroid nodule, but the rest of the gland is not palpable. A technetium scan reveals a "cold" nodule. The child appears to be euthyroid. Which of the following is the LEAST likely diangosis?   A. Simple adenoma B. Dysgenetic thyroid gland C. Papillary carcinoma D. Medullary carcinoma E. Follicular carcinoma

159. According to Greek mythology, hermaphrotitus was the son of hermes and aphrodite. As a youth, he rejected the love of salmacis, a river nymph. The gods granted both her wish to remain with him always and his wish to die rather than submit to her love by fusing them into one ambisexual being as they drowned in a river. Concerning modern individuals who have true hermaphroditism, which of the following statements is NOT true?   A. Most are chromatin-positive B. Most have parents with sex-chromosome aberrations C. Their sex-chromosome patterns may be XX, XY, or a mosaic D. Their internal genitalia reflect the composition of their gonads E. They may have both a testis and an ovary

160. A baby girl who has a 46,XX karyotype is hospitalized to determine the cause of her ambiguous genitalia. Which of the following would be likely to cause this child's virilization?   A. Maternal exposure to progestins B. Maternal androgen intake C. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia D. Neontal Cushing's syndrome E. A, B and C are correct

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