Formative Evaluation [page 1]

1. Polyhyddramnios is frequently observed in all of the following conditions except :   A. Esophageal atresia B. Duodenal atresia C. Pyloric atresia D. Hirschsprung's disease E. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

2. Which of the following statements about Hirschsprung's disease are true?   A. There are no ganglion cells seen in Auerbach's plexus B. There is an increased inidence of Down syndrome C. It may be associated with enteroclitis D. It may involve the small intestine E. All are correct

3. In infants with gastroschisis, which of the following statements are true?   A. It is associated with malrotation B. There is a high incidence of associated anomalies C. There is prolonged adynamic ileus following repair D. It is complicated by intestinal atresia in 10 to 12 per cent of cases E. A, C and D are correct

4. In neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, which of the following statements is true?   A. The defect is more common on the right side B. Survival is significantly improved by administration of pulmonary vasodilators C. An oxygen index of 20 is an indication for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) D. Oligohydramnios is a frequent occurrence E. Mortality is the result of pulmonary hypoplasia

5. Which of the following statements are true regarding the premature neonate?   A. A 15 to 20 per cent right-to-left shunt occurs across the foramen ovale and patent ductus arteriosus B. Fluid requirements are higher than in a fullterm baby C. Rectal temperature is the best indicator of core body temperature D. Are more at risk for infection than the full-term infant E. A, B and D are correct

6. In neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis, which of the following findings is an indication of significant bowel ischemia?   A. Increased gastric residuals B. Septic shock C. Cardiac failure due to a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) D. Elevated platelet count E. Erythema of the abdominal wall

7. The treatment of choice for neonates with uncomplicated meconium ileus is :   A. Observation B. Emergency laparotomy, bowel resection, and Bishop-Koop enterostomy C. Intravenous hydration and a gastrograffin enema D. Emergency laparotomy, bowel resection, and anastomosis E. Sweet chloride test and pancreatic enzyme therapy

8. The pentalogy of Cantrell includes all of the following except :   A. Epigastric omphalocele B. Sternal cleft C. Intracardiac defect D. Pericardial cyst E. Ectopia cordis

9. In infants with duodenal atresia all the following statements are true except :   A. There is an increased incidence of Down syndrome B. It can be detected by prenatal ultrasound examination C. It may occur in infants with situs inversus, malrotation, annular pancreas, and anterior portal vein D. It is best treated by gastroenterostomy E. There is a high incidence of associated cardiac defects

10. The initial treatment of choice for a 2.5-kg. infant with a 20.0-cm. long proximal jejunal atresia and 8.0 cm. of distal ileum is :   A. Laparotomy, nasogastric suction, proximal dilatation to lengthen the atretic jejunum, total parenteral nutrition, and delayed anastomsis B. Laparotomy and proximal end-jejunostomy C. Laparotomy and immediate small bowel transplantation D. Laparotomy and double-barrel enterostomy (jejunum and ileum), with refeeding of jejunal contents into distal ileum and delayed anastomosis E. Laparotomy, tapering jejunoplasty, and end-to-oblique jejuno-ileal anastomosis

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