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	Operative finding in torsion of the testicular appendage
	
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	Operative finding in torsion of the testicular appendage
	
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	Orchitis and epididymo-orchitis present with swelling and inflammation of the testis, a condition to be differentiated from testicular torsion. The testicular axis does not change
	
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	Left unilateral undescended testis
	
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	Bilateral cryptorchidism
	
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	Ectopic testis presents with an empty scrotum and an abnormal mass in the perineum "perineal testis"
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	Penile ectopic testis - left scrotal sac is empty and testis is found on the penile shaft
	
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	Orchidopexy is the surgical treatment of choice for undescended testis
	
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	Undescended testis associated with hypospadias needs further investigation to rule out the intersex condition
	
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	One possible complication, torsion , of an undescended testis. 
	
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