Course Map: Epithelial Tumors: Malignant: Non-urothelial Carcinoma: Verrucous Carcinoma

Verrucous Carcinoma
This is an exophytic, well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma [54]. The cells show little or no atypia and it projects into the bladder lumen in a papillary manner. The deep margins are smoothly rounded and push into the stroma but do not invade it. These are uncommon, except where schistosomiasis is endemic. Some will have cellular characteristics of condyloma in areas, and HPV 6/11 can be demonstrated by in-situ hybridization [104].
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	Figure 1: Verrucous carcinoma.
	Figure 2: Verrucous carcinoma. Large amounts of keratin are present on the luminal side (bright red). Rounded extensions of well differentiated squamous epithelium "push" downward into the stroma (left).