ชนิดของยาชา | เทคนิคการใช้ยาชา | รูปแบบและความเข้มข้น |
|
|
เมื่อไม่ใส่ epinephrine | เมื่อใส่ epinephrine | |||
Cocaine | Topical | 4% solution |
|
|
Benzocaine | Topical | 20% ointment | ||
20% aerosol |
|
|||
Procaine | Infiltration | 2% solution | 15-30 | 30-60 |
Nerve blocks | 2% solution | 15-30 | 30-60 | |
spinal | 10% solution | 30-60 |
|
|
Dibucaine | Topical | 0.25-1% cream, ointment,
aerosol, solutions |
||
Spinal | 0.06,0.25, 0.5% solutions | 75-180 | ||
Tetracaine | Topical | 0.25-1% ointment,
solutions |
||
Spinal | 0.25-1% solutions
Niphanoid crystals |
75-150 |
|
|
Lidocaine | Topical | 2%jelly, viscous,
2.5%, 5% ointment 10% aerosol 10% suppository |
||
Infiltration | 0.5%, 1% solutions | 30-60 | 120-360 | |
Nerve blocks | 1%, 1.5%, 2%solutions | 60-120 | 120-180 | |
Epidural | 1%, 1.5%, 2% solutions | 30-60 | 60-90* | |
Spinal | 5% solution | 30-60 | 60-90*
|
|
Chloroprocaine | Infiltration | 1% solution | 15-30 | 30-90 |
Nerve blocks | 1%, 2%solutions | 15-30 | 30-60 | |
Epidural | 1%, 1.5%, 2% solutions | 15-30 | 30-90
|
|
Mepivacaine | Infiltration | 0.5%, 1% solutions | 45-90 | 120-360 |
Nerve blocks | 1%, 2% solutions | 60-120 | 120-180 | |
Epidural | 1%, 2%,3% solutions | 60-120 | 120-180
|
|
Prilocaine | Infiltration | 1%, 2% solutions | 30-90 | 120-360 |
Nerve blocks | 1%, 2%,3% solutions | 60-120 | 120-180 | |
Epidural | 1%, 2%,3% solutions | 60-120 | 120-180
|
|
Bupivacaine | Infiltration | 0.25% solution | 120-240 | 180-420 |
Nerve blocks | 0.25%, 0.5% solution | 180-360 | 240-480 | |
Epidural | 0.25%, 0.5%,0.75% solutions | 120-240 | 180-420 | |
Spinal | 0.5%, 0.75% solutions | 75-150 |
|
|
Etidocaine | Infiltration | 0.25%, 5% solutions | 120-180 | 180-420 |
Nerve block | 0.5%, 1% solutions | 120-240 | 180-420 | |
Epidural | 0.5%, 1% solutions | 120-180 | 180-300 |