1. Akiyama H, Tsurumaru M, Kawamura T, Ono Y. Principles of surgical treatment for carcinoma of the esophagus: analysis of lymph node involvement. Ann Surg 1981;194:438-46. [PubMed]
2. Berardi RS, Devaiah KA. Barrett's esophagus. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1983;156:521-38. [PubMed]
3. Cooper HS, Dayal Y, Gourley WK, et al. Proceedings of the 1988 Subspecialty Conference on Gastrointestinal Biopsy Pathology at the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology. Diagnostic nonproblems in gastrointestinal biopsy pathology. Mod Pathol 1989;2:244-59. [PubMed]
4. Dawsey SM, Lewin KJ, Liu FS, Wang GQ, Shen Q. Esophageal morphology from Linxian, China. Squamous histologic findings in 754 subjects. Cancer 1994;73:2027-37. [PubMed]
5. De La Pava S, Nigogosyan G, Pickren JW, Cabrera A. Melanosis of the esophagus. Cancer 1963;16:48-50.
6. Delattre JF, Palot JP, Ducasse A, Flament JB, Hureau J. The crura of the diaphragm and diaphragmatic passage. Applications to gastroesophageal reflux, its investigation and treatment. Anat Clin 1985;7:271-85. [PubMed]
7. DiCostanzo DP, Urmacher C. Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus. Am J Surg Pathol 1987;11:46-52. [PubMed]
8. Enterline H, Thompson J. Pathology of the esophagus. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1984.
9. Fenoglia-Preiser CM, Lantz PE, Listrom MB, Davis M, Rilke FO. Gastrointestinal pathology. An atlas and text. New York: Raven Press, 1989.
10. Friedland GW. Progress in radiology: historical review of the changing concepts of lower esophageal anatomy: 430 BC-1977. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1978;131:373-88. [PubMed]
11. Geboes K, De Wolf-Peeters C, Rugeerts P, Janssens J, Vantrappen G, Desmet V. Lymphocytes and Langerhans cells in the human esophageal epithelium. Virchows Arch [A] 1983;401:45-55. [PubMed]
12. Goldman H, Antonioli DA. Mucosal biopsy of the esophagus, stomach and proximal duodenum. Hum Pathol 1982;13:423-48. [PubMed]
13. Goyal RK. Columnar cell-lined (Barrett's) esophagus: a historical perspective. In: Spechler SJ, Goyal RK, eds. Barrett's esophagus. Pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. New York: Elsevier, 1985:1-18.
14. Hayward J. The lower end of the oesophagus. Thorax 1961;16:36-41.
15. Ismail-Beigi F, Horton PF, Pope CE II. Histological consequences of gastroesophageal reflux in man. Gastroenterology 1970;58:163-74. [PubMed]
16. Johns BA. Developmental changes in the oesophageal epithelium. J Anat 1852;86:431-42.
17. Johnson LF, DeMeester TR, Haggitt RC. Esophageal epithelial response to gastroesophageal reflux. A quantitative study. Am J Dig Dis 1978;23:498-509. [PubMed]
18. Kalloor GJ, Deshpande AH, Collis JL. Observations on oesophageal length. Thorax 1976;31:284-8. [PubMed]
19. Liebermann-Meffert D, Allgower M, Schmid P, Blum AL. Muscular equivalent of the lower esophageal sphincter. Gastroenterology 1979;76:31-8. [PubMed]
20. Medeiros LJ, Doos WG, Balogh K. Esophageal intra-mural pseudodiverticulosis: a report of two cases with analysis of similar, less extensive changes in "normal" autopsy esophagi. Hum Pathol 1988;19:928-31. [PubMed]
21. Netter FH. Upper digestive tract. In: Anonymous digestive system, Part 1 of CIBA collection of medical illustration, vol 3. Summit, New Jersey: CIBA-Geigy, 1959.
22. Pope CE II. Normal anatomy and developmental anomalies. In: Sleisenger MH, Fordtran JS, eds. Gastrointestinal disease, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1994.
23. Rector LE, Connerley ML. Aberrant mucosa in the esophagus in infants and children. Arch Pathol 1941;31:285-94.
24. Seefeld U, Krejs GJ, Siebenmann RE, Blum AL. Esophageal histology in gastroesophageal reflux. Morphometric findings in suction biopsies. Am J Dig Dis 1977;22:956-64. [PubMed]
25. Shackelford RT. Surgery of the alimentary tract. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1978.
26. Strobel CT, Byrne WJ, Ament ME, Euler AR. Correlation of esophageal lengths in children with height: application to the Tuttle test without prior esophageal manometry. J Pediatr 1979;94:81-4. [PubMed]
27. Tateishi R, Taniguchi H, Wada A, Horai T, Taniguchi K. Argyrophil cells and melanocytes in esophageal mucosa. Arch Pathol 1974;98:67-89. [PubMed]
28. Vianna A, Hayes PC, Moscoso G, et al. Normal venous circulation of the gastroesophageal junction. A route to understanding varices. Gastroenterology 1987;83:876-89. [PubMed]
29. Weinstein WM, Bogoch ER, Bowes KL. The normal human esophageal mucosa: a histological reappraisal. Gastroenterology 1975;68:40-4. [PubMed]